The review of the story of Moses (AS) and the scholar endowed with ilm ladunni, mentioned in verses 60-82 of Surah Al-Kahf, shows that the actions of the the scholar endowed with ilm ladunni were criticized seriously by Moses (AS). The prophetic status of Moses (AS) and theological views regarding the infallibility of the prophets reveal the need for a more detailed study of the aforementioned verses. For this purpose, in the present study, while referring to the different views expressed regarding the infallibility of the prophets, the role of historical circumstances in the prophets' understanding of current events was examined, focusing on Moses' (AS) understanding of the events that he witnessed together with the scholar endowed with ilm ladunni, using a descriptive-analytical method and an interpretive theological approach. The results show that although the prophets were sometimes affected by historical conditions in their initial perception and understanding of current events due to lack of access to complete data, one of the examples of which is reflected in the story of Moses (AS) and the scholar endowed with ilm ladunni; but ultimately, God's supervision and intervention prevented the consolidation or impact of this ignorance in the affairs of the prophets. In other words, the historicity of the understanding of the prophets can practically be combined with the practical and necessary concept of infallibility. Just as Moses' (AS) criticism of the actions of the scholar endowed with ilm ladunni, despite being due to the historicity of understanding, does not contradict his infallibility.