Original Article
mohammad hasan gadrdan
Abstract
This article has an external view of Islamic-Shia theology which theology and its issues are analyzed in general and from the perspective of an external judge. Shia theology is a science that explains religious doctrines, compiles and answers its doubts with its own sources (Qur'an, Prophetic and guarding ...
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This article has an external view of Islamic-Shia theology which theology and its issues are analyzed in general and from the perspective of an external judge. Shia theology is a science that explains religious doctrines, compiles and answers its doubts with its own sources (Qur'an, Prophetic and guarding )walvi (sunnah, reason). Its subject was general and it includes all religious doctrines, the criterion of which is mostly its return to God's existence, attributes, and actions (whether verbal or generative). First of all, this article refers to the origin of the Shia religion from the beginning of the call to Islam, with regard to the hadith of al-Dar, which the imams have also continued on this matter hen, while defending the religious teachings of Islam, the foundations and special teachings of Shiism (principles of the Imams) have been defended. Shi'ite theology explains religious doctrines with a combined method (narrative, rational, dialectician, experimental, intuitive and natural) and by referring to numerous theological rules. The relationship between Shiite theology and various sciences (logic, epistemology, philosophy, principles of jurisprudence, jurisprudence, experimental sciences) is a mutual relationship (effect and impression). The present article, while expressing the epistemological identity of the Shiite word, deals with its position, logical structure, explanation of classical and new issues, and explanation of its prerequisite, co-requisite and post-requisite areas.
Original Article
abdollah salavati
Abstract
Phenomenology is a kind of return to the beginning and the source and an action in the direction of resuming the living relationship with reality. Also, the phenomenologist tries to establish a new, alive and active relationship with things with steps such as suspension and eidetic reduction and phenomenological ...
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Phenomenology is a kind of return to the beginning and the source and an action in the direction of resuming the living relationship with reality. Also, the phenomenologist tries to establish a new, alive and active relationship with things with steps such as suspension and eidetic reduction and phenomenological reduction according to Husserl's account and reduction, calendar and deconstruction from the point of view of Heidegger and other components. The basic questions of this research are: What is theological phenomenology? And how can fasting be analyzed according to the theological phenomenological approach? Some of the achievements of this research are as follows: 1. In theological phenomenology, according to the author's account, the heart is the focus of pre-reflections, and the mind, as the dignity of the heart, is the focus of reflections, and God is the guide of the whole of phenomenology; Second. Theological phenomenology has three basic steps: withdrawing the heart from self and familiar appearances and phenomena, withdrawing the heart from holy manifestations and turning attention to the source of manifestations, and translating pre-contemplative findings into the field of reflection with the help of reason; Third. Another component that plays an essential role in theological phenomenology is the perfect human being, and precisely for this reason, verses and traditions play an important role in theological phenomenology. Because the verses and narrations are a kind of discovery of the whole and the atom of a perfect human being; Fourth. According to the theological phenomenological point of view, in the position of translation and reflection of reason, the Eidos of fasting can be seen as presence, meditation, and submission. the fifth Theological phenomenology is the expression of the invisible and invisible hidden in that which is visible. In the process of phenomenal salvation, fasting is not limited to one or more aspects of this world or supernatural. In other words, the researcher in phenomenological reflections should make arrangements so that one manifestation of fasting does not hide other manifestations.
Original Article
Golamali Hashemifar; abbas yazdani
Abstract
Some Islamic thinkers have contended that the belief in the existence of God is self-evident by presenting arguments such as the argument of Fitrah, the truthful argument, and the argument of religious experience. The purpose of this research that has been done by theoretical-library and analytical-critical ...
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Some Islamic thinkers have contended that the belief in the existence of God is self-evident by presenting arguments such as the argument of Fitrah, the truthful argument, and the argument of religious experience. The purpose of this research that has been done by theoretical-library and analytical-critical methods, is a critical study of the claimed self-evidence in the three mentioned arguments. The importance of paying attention to the distinction between the self-evidence and the basis of a belief and understanding their difference from each other can also be extended to propositions such as "God exists" and will help us to examine the claim of the self-evidence of the existence of God. The present article seeks to state that knowing the basis of belief in the existence of God does not mean that it is self-evident. Thus, by conceptual analysis of each of the contents of this proposition and also by examining the sources of knowledge, the relation of such belief with the meaning of self-evidence will be explained and the result is that none of these arguments have the power to prove the self-evidence of God; Ultimately, what these three types of arguments prove is to justify the claim that belief in God is basic, and to speak of the self-evidence of such a belief in the above arguments is unreasonable.
Original Article
sajede alzahra mehri; marzieh sadeghi
Abstract
: The idea of Imamate is the central point of Shia thought and many thinkers tried a lot to establish this doctrine in the structure of theology. In other words, the Shiite political system is formed with the Imam as its center. In the past eras, Shi'a political rival flow emerged on the axis of ...
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: The idea of Imamate is the central point of Shia thought and many thinkers tried a lot to establish this doctrine in the structure of theology. In other words, the Shiite political system is formed with the Imam as its center. In the past eras, Shi'a political rival flow emerged on the axis of Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate, and most of the doubts were related to this flow. But in today's world, there is another rival trend called the Phenomenal Democracy, which, along with other trends, has come into conflict with the idea of the Shiite Imamate. Ibn Maitham Bahrani is among those who have a significant role in consolidating the idea of Imamate in theology.He explains the issue of Imamate, the necessity of the presence of an Imam in society, how to install an Imam and the qualities of an Imam. Ibn Maytham's approach to this issue in the science of theology is very original and innovative; Because he bases his speech on Imamate on five issues and interprets each of these five issues with special words such as (ma, hil, lam, kiif, man) and he gives the world a correct interpretation of the Shia Imamate system. And Jahian presented that the common way of governing today is based on false and unreal democracy, and the real democracy is the same religious democracy that is accepted by the Shiite Imamate system, and it is the only model that can save humanity from today's troubles. For this reason, it is necessary to read his thoughts on the mentioned issue.The current research collects information using a library method and examines it in a descriptive-analytical way.
Original Article
akbar asadalizadeh
Abstract
Purgatory world has been one of the fundamental religious teachings that has been debated and talked about a lot in different aspects of theological, philosophical and mystical points of view since long ago. Ibn Arabi divides Purgatory world into two realm; descending section (the distance between the ...
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Purgatory world has been one of the fundamental religious teachings that has been debated and talked about a lot in different aspects of theological, philosophical and mystical points of view since long ago. Ibn Arabi divides Purgatory world into two realm; descending section (the distance between the World of intellect and Natural Objects) and ascending realm (Purgatory world after death). He believes that the ascending purgatory is physical like the corporeal world, but unlike this world is empty of any material or elemental mass, and only contains the material attributes and supplies such as appearance, limit, quantity, quality and Accidents. He believed that this world is made of a Substance that on the one hand is similar to the material Substance and on the other hand is similar to intellectual Substance and is a genuine existence in which any inconceivable gets conceivable. Another property of the Purgatory world is that anything that is potential in human soul in this world will get actual in the purgatory world. All Accidents will be self-reliant in the Purgatory World. In Ibn Arabi's opinion quality of possession of the soul over the Purgatory body is that soul thoroughly possesses the Purgatory body like that of material body; the soul in Purgatory world possesses the body Voluntary while the soul in this world possesses the body forced and natural.
Original Article
hamed sajedi
Abstract
: Creation from nothing is a hypothesis suggested by some physicists such as Tryon and Vilenkin in response to why the cosmos exist. People like Hawking and Krauss claimed more clearly that this hypothesis will make us free from the hypothesis of god as a creator. Since This statement is an important ...
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: Creation from nothing is a hypothesis suggested by some physicists such as Tryon and Vilenkin in response to why the cosmos exist. People like Hawking and Krauss claimed more clearly that this hypothesis will make us free from the hypothesis of god as a creator. Since This statement is an important philosophical claim, it is necessary to analyze and deal with it both philosophical and from physics point of view. In this article, by dividing this claim into three levels, we will show in a new form and content that none of this hypothesis versions provide a complete explanation of the origin of the universe and they leave the fundamental questions unanswered. The various interpretations of this hypothesis sometimes have internal inconsistencies and are mistaken about concepts such as “nothingness”, sometimes they are in conflict with some principles accepted in cosmology, such as the principle of Mediocrity, and lack the explanatory advantages that the theistic explanation contains.
Original Article
fatemeh babaee; sahar kavandi
Abstract
Intercession is one of the significant subjects among Muslims, and diverse interpretations have been made by different sects due to the seemingly different verses mentioned in the Quran about this issue. Nevertheless, all sects of Islam have acknowledged it, they have had differences regarding its explanation ...
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Intercession is one of the significant subjects among Muslims, and diverse interpretations have been made by different sects due to the seemingly different verses mentioned in the Quran about this issue. Nevertheless, all sects of Islam have acknowledged it, they have had differences regarding its explanation and the people who are interceded. In Mulla Sadra's thought, intercession consists of spreading the light from Almighty God that shines on the mediators and jewels between Him and those who are far away from Him. He attempted to introduce a new explanation of intercession based on his philosophical thought, which is based on the philosophical and anthropological principles of his view, which are: the relationship between requisite and possibilities and the connection of the new to the past [i.e. How the current incident is related to the old cause], the principle of authenticity, the principle of possible highest, the explanation of the concept of the perfect human being and the Muhammadan truth, and the explanation of the concept of guardianship and divine substitute. The advantage of Sadra's explanation of intercession is that it is philosophical, rational, and demonstrative. Our attempt in this research is to identify and explain these basics with a descriptive and analytical method and based on this; examine the problems of intercession from Sadra's point of view.
Original Article
hosein zare; saeid kazemi
Abstract
Ethics is formed from several theoretical foundations, whose role is essential in formulating ethical guidelines. The present research aims to shed light on the foundations of the theology of ethics by examining the theological thoughts of Sheikh Tusi, who is considered one of the great scholars of the ...
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Ethics is formed from several theoretical foundations, whose role is essential in formulating ethical guidelines. The present research aims to shed light on the foundations of the theology of ethics by examining the theological thoughts of Sheikh Tusi, who is considered one of the great scholars of the Imamiyyah, the head of the theological field of Baghdad and has had a great impact on the schools after him. In this regard, the researcher has processed and analyzed the data and propositions by using the method of rational-narrative research and using written documents, library, and scientific software. Therefore, the theological propositions of Sheikh Tusi (may Allah have mercy on him) were analyzed in the theological axes with an ethical approach, and its foundations were extracted. The role of motivation and the effects of belief in divine attributes, adherence to ethics and executive guarantee for ethics, extracting the virtue of commitment to duty as the normative theory of Sheikh Tusi in moral obligation, the purpose of knowledge in ethics derived from divine knowledge, and the centrality of monotheism in the ethical system are among the most important The findings of the research.
Original Article
hasan akhond gorgi; sajjad azarian; Ali Azarian
Abstract
Imamate is one of the significant topics in the circle of Islamic thinking and according to the main Imamiyyah, it is one of the principles of religion in a way that the eternal happiness of man is tied to it. The topics of imamate can be discussed in three areas: "literal imamate", "legislative imamate" ...
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Imamate is one of the significant topics in the circle of Islamic thinking and according to the main Imamiyyah, it is one of the principles of religion in a way that the eternal happiness of man is tied to it. The topics of imamate can be discussed in three areas: "literal imamate", "legislative imamate" and "formative imamate". There is no difference between the Imamate in believing in the principle of Imamate, its examples, characteristics, and affairs; however, the definition of Islamic Imamate that has been acknowledged and addressed by most of the early and late Imamiyya theologians is accompanied by shortcomings, the most important of which is the lack of hindrance of non-Twelfth Imams and the lack of comprehensiveness of Imamiyya beliefs. As the three basic elements of Imamate, i.e. "infallibility", "knowledge" and "divine appointment" cannot be obtained from it, the Imam's affairs are reduced only to leadership. In this article, with the method of "descriptive-analytical criticism", the renowned definition has been evaluated in the form of six considerations, and finally, based on the requirements of reason and narrative evidence, the definition of "true guidance within the scope of the Divine Law" is defined with respect to comprehensiveness, hindrance, and brevity, to modify and complete the definition.
Original Article
noormohammad ansari
Abstract
The salvation of man, which is part of the important theological concerns in various religions and their holy texts, is also one of the issues and reflections of Hinduism and Islam, as the concepts, methods, and practices of reaching it are evident in the Bhagavad Gita and the Holy Quran. Bhagavad Gita, ...
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The salvation of man, which is part of the important theological concerns in various religions and their holy texts, is also one of the issues and reflections of Hinduism and Islam, as the concepts, methods, and practices of reaching it are evident in the Bhagavad Gita and the Holy Quran. Bhagavad Gita, which is called the main nectar of Mahabharata and the Bible of Hindus, introduces salvation (moksha) as a supreme ideal and views it from both negative and positive characteristics. In the Gita, three methods (marga/yoga), karma yoga (the path of action or action), jnana yoga (the path of knowledge) and bhakti yoga (the path of love and affection) are drawn to accomplish the final salvation (moksha). The Holy Qur'an, which has written plans for all aspects of human life, the purpose and goal of its teachings, is the salvation of man because the subject of the Qur'an is man. The truth of salvation in the Qur'an is a non-existent meaning, which signifies deliverance or avoidance of calamity, pain and suffering, and freedom from sin, whose main meaning is interrelated to the concepts of happiness, fortune, welfare, etc.. In the Holy Quran, faith and righteous actions are drawn as two main ways to reach salvation, but various indicators, criteria and examples are considered for them. This article, while studying the concept of Moksha in the Gita and salvation and redemption in the Holy Quran, examines the methods of reaching the final salvation with a focus on the Gita and the Holy Quran.
Original Article
Hojat lotfi garamalki
Abstract
Understanding the concept of faith and its association with verbal, actual and practical manifestations and the truth and falsity of faith in a belief that is devoid of these external manifestations is a problem that has long been the subject of controversy among Islamic scholars. The present research ...
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Understanding the concept of faith and its association with verbal, actual and practical manifestations and the truth and falsity of faith in a belief that is devoid of these external manifestations is a problem that has long been the subject of controversy among Islamic scholars. The present research attempts to analyze the truth and untruthfulness of the concept of faith without external appearances by examining the concept of faith and proposing opinions about it. This research examines faith and its relationship with action using a rational and Ijtihad [i.e. exegesis of divine law on matters of theology and law] method and using religious texts. Some of the findings that leading research has reached are: the truth of faith depends on practical commitment; with the fulfillment of the conditions of action and the absence of obstacles to action, abandoning action is a discovery of lack of faith; acting against faith only implies a lack of faith in the transgression, and the implication is more than that needs a reason.
Original Article
esmaeil afkhami
Abstract
The issue of human suffering has been discussed in different religions and schools. By comparing Buddhism and Islam, this research concluded that liberation from suffering is the main goal of Buddhism. The answer given by the Buddha to the four questions of the definition of suffering, its origin, what ...
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The issue of human suffering has been discussed in different religions and schools. By comparing Buddhism and Islam, this research concluded that liberation from suffering is the main goal of Buddhism. The answer given by the Buddha to the four questions of the definition of suffering, its origin, what it is, and the way to end it, forms the basis of the Buddha's enlightenment, and this is what the Buddha wants to share with all his fellow human beings. In the Islamic religion, the problem of human suffering has been discussed, and according to the verses and traditions, of Islamic theologians, the cause of human suffering and the purpose of human suffering are to create a basis for human evolution and in the direction of testing him. Common aspects of Buddhism and Islam are the acceptance of suffering and calamity in human life in this world, the origin of suffering, the possibility of redemption from suffering, the belief in a savior to redeem suffering, and the belief in meditation in both religions. The difference is also in etymology, anthropology, the way of looking at the birth of man, and the support of man in dealing with suffering and hardships.