Kalam pajouhi

Original Article

1. Explanation of the components of God's inherent monotheism in the light of the eternal necessity of existence and some essentials of its cognitive existence

Saeed Famil Dardashty; alireza kohansal; sayyed mortaza hosseini

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1151.1138

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the principle of "primitive necessity of the truth of existence" and deal with the function of this principle in explaining the components of inherent monotheism. The "primordial necessity of the truth of existence" which corresponds to the existence ... Read More

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Original Article

2. Analysis of the physical resurrection in relation to the truth of human existence

ebrahim rostami; Abdollah gholami; Seyed Ruhollah Dehqan Baghi

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1138.1134

Abstract

Understanding the quality of immortality is one of the concerns of scholars of theology and philosophy. Without a doubt, analyzing the truth of the resurrection is based on the ontology of the truth of human existence. The present study, with an analytical approach, seeks to understand the quality of ... Read More

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Original Article

3. A Critical Study of the "Theory of Manifestation" in the Baha'i Sect and the Spirituality of Sai Baba

mohammad hosin Kiani

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1192.1145

Abstract

The theory of epiphany serves as a crucial foundation for legitimizing religious‑spiritual leaders. Accordingly, the present article addresses the question of how this theory is interpreted within the Bahā’ī sect and within Sathya Sai Baba spirituality, and to what extent these two readings ... Read More

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Original Article

4. Studying the concept of monotheism of actions in the Holy Quran and its role in promoting spiritual factors

ali ghazanfari; ali khalaji

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1252.1159

Abstract

Strengthening spirituality is one of the primary human aspirations in all religions and Abrahamic religions. This issue has been raised in various ways in the last divine religion and the Holy Quran. This article analyzes the concept of Tawhid al-Afali in the light of the verses of the Holy Quran and ... Read More

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Original Article

5. Critical Analysis of the Views of the Commentators of the Sects on the Concept of "God's Wrath" in the Holy Quran; An Exegetical and Theological Study

Kavous Rouhibarandagh; fatemeh seyfalie

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1436.1173

Abstract

The adjectives of the news are one of the challenging issues in Islamic theology that have always been of interest to commentators and have been the subject of detailed discussions in exegetical books. The present study aims to understand the concept of the adjective of the news "anger" and its difference ... Read More

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Original Article

6. The Problem of the Simplicity of the Essence of God Almighty from the Perspective of Hakim Zanuzi: Analysis and Explanation

Ali Babaei; naser forouhi; Maryam Golipour

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1481.1180

Abstract

The issue of the simplicity of God Almighty is one of the most important theological and epistemological issues in Islamic thought and is the basis for discussions on many other topics, including monotheism, divine attributes, and actions. In Islamic theology, both theologians and philosophers have organized ... Read More

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Original Article

7. A Critical Examination of Kierkegaard’s Fideism from the Perspective of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Raham Sharaf; Morteza Hoseinzadeh

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2026.2153.1239

Abstract

This research presents a comparative study of Søren Kierkegaard (from the Christian tradition) and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (from the Islamic tradition) regarding the classical problem of the relationship between reason and faith. Kierkegaard, emphasizing the paradoxical and personal nature of faith ... Read More This research presents a comparative study of Søren Kierkegaard (from the Christian tradition) and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (from the Islamic tradition) regarding the classical problem of the relationship between reason and faith. Kierkegaard, emphasizing the paradoxical and personal nature of faith and introducing concepts such as the "leap of faith" and the "teleological suspension of the ethical," defines faith as a realm beyond and sometimes in conflict with reason. From his perspective, genuine faith necessitates the acceptance of paradox (e.g., the Incarnation) and a transcendence of the boundaries of rationality. In contrast, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, relying on the Islamic philosophical-theological tradition, emphasizes the intrinsic compatibility and harmony between sound reason (`aql) and explicit revelation (naql), considering a unified truth as the product of the collaboration between these two epistemological sources.Using an analytical-comparative method, this study demonstrates that these fundamental differences stem from theological foundations (paradox in Christianity versus the unity of truth in Islam), philosophical anthropology (emphasis on individuality and choice versus emphasis on the harmony of human faculties), and the social role of religion. Furthermore, critiques can be leveled against the one-sidedness of each approach; including Kierkegaard's susceptibility to specific Christian doctrines and a relative neglect of the rational dimensions of faith, and the potential for al-Tusi's reason-based interpretation to marginalize the existential and personal experience of the believer. Consequently, this research argues that the perspectives of these two thinkers not only represent two major intellectual traditions but can also complement each other to provide a more comprehensive and dynamic understanding of the complex dialectical relationship between reason and faith—an understanding crucial for addressing the challenges of faith in the contemporary world

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Original Article

8. The Role of Faith in the Formation of the Duty of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil in Islamic Discourse

Ali Naqi Lezgi; Jalal Torkashvand; Ali Vakili

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1214.1149

Abstract

The obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil (amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa nahy ʿan al-munkar) is one of the most fundamental practical doctrines in Islamic thought. While rooted in jurisprudential authority, it also derives significantly from the theological foundations of various Islamic schools. ... Read More

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Original Article

9. "An Analysis of the Concept of Spirit in Relation to the Divine, with Emphasis on Allameh Tabataba'i's Perspective"

Mahshid karami; fathiyeh fattahizadeh

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.1334.1167

Abstract

Achieving any goal requires understanding three elements: the traveler, the path, and the destination. Reaching the ultimate truth of existence is no exception, as the traveler or seeker of the path of truth must have a comprehensive understanding of themselves. Since the seeker's true essence lies in ... Read More

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Original Article

10. The Components and Consequences of Interreligious Dialogue from Hans Küng’s Perspective

Khalil Rahimyzada

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2026.1421.1169

Abstract

Hans Küng, a Catholic theologian and thinker, envisions global peace as attainable only through peace among religions. He argues that peace among religions is impossible without dialogue and mutual understanding, and that such dialogue itself cannot be realized without a global ethic. Accordingly, ... Read More Hans Küng, a Catholic theologian and thinker, envisions global peace as attainable only through peace among religions. He argues that peace among religions is impossible without dialogue and mutual understanding, and that such dialogue itself cannot be realized without a global ethic. Accordingly, the survival of humanity and the realization of world peace are intrinsically tied to the establishment of a global ethic. Küng seeks shared elements within religions to support this vision, though he does not provide a systematic classification of them. His focus lies primarily on the role of global ethics in interreligious dialogue and in fostering reconciliation between the religious and the non-religious. However, ethics alone does not form the sole foundation for interreligious dialogue. In addition to ethics, there are certain shared doctrinal principles within religions that can serve as a basis for dialogue. Exploring the components of interreligious dialogue is, in fact, a quest for these common religious principles. These components can be broadly categorized into two groups: shared doctrinal/theological principles and shared practical principles. The most important shared doctrinal principles across many world religions include: the belief in a divine origin (God), the afterlife, the created world (cosmology), religious leadership (Prophethood), spiritual beings (angels), and sacred texts. The shared practical principles include two major aspects: first, religious laws, rituals, and prayers; and second, global ethics. From Küng’s perspective, global ethics constitutes the broadest and most inclusive foundation for interreligious dialogue, one that also invites non-religious individuals to contribute to building peace and shaping a renewed future. The consequences of such dialogue are also significant and far-reaching. Interreligious dialogue enables humanity to better fulfill its profound religious responsibilitiesattain greater spiritual fulfillment, and foster a more peaceful world with improved conditions for worldly life.

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Original Article

11. Studying Sallie McFague's Theological Thoughts: Images, Models, Concepts, and Theories

noormohammad ansari; mahdi lakzaei

Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2026.1434.1172

Abstract

AbstractThe articulation of the divisions of image, model, concept, and theory is essential to understanding McFague's theological method. McFague introduces image, model, concept, and theory as stages in the process of creating language about God. The specific model image proposed serves as a means ... Read More

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1. An Analytical Investigation of Swinburne's Theodicy of Divine Justice and its Criticism according to the Perspective of Philosophical Kālām of Imamiyŷah

Abdullah HosseiniEskandian; gorban ali karimzadeh gharamaleki; Abbas Abbaszadeh

Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2024, , Pages 67-90

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.715.1065

Abstract

The problem of evil is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the history of thought, which has always been a place of discussion and consideration by thinkers with different approaches. The importance of this issue is so great that it is referred to as “the basis of atheism” ... Read More

2. Analyzing religious teachings as a fundamental strategy for achieving mental health

Faranak Bahmani

Volume 3, Issue 5 , November 2024, , Pages 241-263

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2024.497

Abstract

Introduction: The most important task of theology is to strengthen religious teachings in people so that they can reach God. One of the effective ways to achieve this goal is to explain the functions of religious teachings and express the results of using its strategies in individual and social life, ... Read More

3. Analyzing the philosophical foundations of sleep and dreams from the point of view of Aristotle and Kendy

fatemeh akbarzadeh najjar; Mohammad (Jalal AL-Din) Maleki; Mohammad akbarzadeh najjar

Volume 2, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 147-171

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2024.541

Abstract

Sleep and dreams are among the issues that many philosophers have come up with in order to reveal its truth. Aristotle, with a naturalistic view, considers the dream to be the result of the imagination and action of the mind, while Kendy considers the dream to be one of the ways to connect to the unseen ... Read More

4. A new research on the rule of grace based on the answer to the doubts about the causes of absenteeism

mohammad ramezani; vahid farhadi

Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2024, , Pages 183-202

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2025.643.1045

Abstract

Imamate is one of the most important theological topics; Shia theologians consider Imamate to be a continuation of Prophethood, and due to various reasons, including the law of grace, they have believed in its rational obligation due to Allah. This view has been attacked by doubts. "The Theory of Imamate ... Read More

5. Investigating the issue of reincarnation in the eyes of Allameh Hassanzadeh Amoli

hossein zare; محمد حیدری; hossein samadi; علی احمدی

Volume 2, Issue 3 , August 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/kalam.2023.432

Abstract

Reincarnation is one of the issues that has received special attention from Muslim thinkers, including philosophers, theologians, and mystics. What can be seen in the works and writings of Muslim mystics indicates that "reincarnation" means the return of the soul to the human body and it is impossible ... Read More

Articles in Press

Current Issue

Volume 4 (2025)

Volume 3 (2024)

Volume 2 (2023)

Volume 1 (2022)

1. Explanation of the components of God's inherent monotheism in the light of the eternal necessity of existence and some essentials of its cognitive existence

Abstract

2. Analysis of the physical resurrection in relation to the truth of human existence

Abstract

3. A Critical Study of the "Theory of Manifestation" in the Baha'i Sect and the Spirituality of Sai Baba

Abstract

4. Studying the concept of monotheism of actions in the Holy Quran and its role in promoting spiritual factors

Abstract

5. Critical Analysis of the Views of the Commentators of the Sects on the Concept of "God's Wrath" in the Holy Quran; An Exegetical and Theological Study

Abstract

6. The Problem of the Simplicity of the Essence of God Almighty from the Perspective of Hakim Zanuzi: Analysis and Explanation

Abstract

7. A Critical Examination of Kierkegaard’s Fideism from the Perspective of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Abstract

8. The Role of Faith in the Formation of the Duty of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil in Islamic Discourse

Abstract

9. "An Analysis of the Concept of Spirit in Relation to the Divine, with Emphasis on Allameh Tabataba'i's Perspective"

Abstract

10. The Components and Consequences of Interreligious Dialogue from Hans Küng’s Perspective

Abstract

11. Studying Sallie McFague's Theological Thoughts: Images, Models, Concepts, and Theories

Abstract

1. An Analytical Investigation of Swinburne's Theodicy of Divine Justice and its Criticism according to the Perspective of Philosophical Kālām of Imamiyŷah

Abstract

2. Analyzing religious teachings as a fundamental strategy for achieving mental health

Abstract

3. Analyzing the philosophical foundations of sleep and dreams from the point of view of Aristotle and Kendy

Abstract

4. A new research on the rule of grace based on the answer to the doubts about the causes of absenteeism

Abstract

5. Investigating the issue of reincarnation in the eyes of Allameh Hassanzadeh Amoli

Abstract

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