Original Article
Fatemeh sadat Moosavi renani; abdollah salavati; Einollah Khademi
Abstract
"Man is created to achieve perfection. Virtues and perfections are categorized into intellectual and moral virtues. Each intellectual system offers its own theories for achieving moral perfection and provides various ways, some of which can be misleading. This article considers the question of what principles ...
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"Man is created to achieve perfection. Virtues and perfections are categorized into intellectual and moral virtues. Each intellectual system offers its own theories for achieving moral perfection and provides various ways, some of which can be misleading. This article considers the question of what principles can be used to achieve moral perfections in the monotheistic system of Mulla Sadra, which is derived from revelation and mission. The study results are as follows: First, in Sadrian philosophy, God, as the creator of man and the truth with complete knowledge of His creation, should be the source of ethics and the ultimate goal of morality. Second, elements such as self-purification, remembering death, role models, and knowledge contribute to human existential elevation. Third, these elements have an ontological role in monotheistic ethics, and strengthening each of them leads to the consolidation of the pillars of monotheistic ethics."
Original Article
maryam jamebozorgi; Tayebeh Mahrouzadeh; Ali Sattari; Shahnaz Shayanfar
Abstract
Education is always influenced by the image that philosophical approaches and, consequently, social and psychological approaches present of humans, and in fact, they introduce humans from their own perspective. The present research is in search of an approach that provides correct and realistic knowledge ...
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Education is always influenced by the image that philosophical approaches and, consequently, social and psychological approaches present of humans, and in fact, they introduce humans from their own perspective. The present research is in search of an approach that provides correct and realistic knowledge regarding the infrastructures of human choice and behavior. Accordingly, a comparative study of the human choice pattern in the views of Allameh Tabatabai and William Glasser has been conducted with regard to the concepts of form and the desired world. In this research, first, the two concepts of form and the desired world have been defined and explained using a descriptive-analytical method, and then the differences and similarities of these two concepts have been examined using a comparative analysis method. The final step of this research is to compare and extract different educational implications resulting from the two concepts of structure and the desired world using the inferential method. Comparing these two concepts showed that the desired world, as one of the influential infrastructural elements in human choice and behavior, deals only with internal factors. Therefore, Glasser has reached an incomplete understanding of the effective infrastructures in choice and behavior. However, on this issue, Allameh Tabataba'i's view is relevant, considering the concept of structure as one of the important and effective factors in choice and behavior resulting from internal and external factors. Therefore, not only can a complete understanding of the infrastructures of choice and behavior be achieved, but the concept of structure can also be considered as a solid and demonstrative basis for criticizing and monitoring viewpoints such as Glasser's viewpoint.
Original Article
Mahnaz Amirkhani; Fathiyeh Fattahizadeh; Hosna Hemmati
Abstract
AbstractThe belief in the public justice of the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) companions is the predominant tenet in Sunni doctrine. In Sunni sources, consensus (ijma') and transmitted reasons have been used to prove public justice. The current study, employing logical reasoning and sophistry ...
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AbstractThe belief in the public justice of the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) companions is the predominant tenet in Sunni doctrine. In Sunni sources, consensus (ijma') and transmitted reasons have been used to prove public justice. The current study, employing logical reasoning and sophistry methods, evaluates the proposition that "all companions are just and the reasons supporting In implemented research, several sophistries, including blind adherence to authority, hasty generalizing, sophistry in the value of words, and Nothing But Sophistry, have been achieved. For instance, Sunni followers have accepted the public justice doctrine based on the authority of consensus, which is also a trusted religious reference. However, this study reveals that the "consensus reason" involves the sophistry of "blind adherence to authority." This indicates that the influence and authority of the religious reference have caused historical and social evidence to be understated, affirming the companions' public justice. Ultimately, through some proven evidence and refusing the proposition that "all companions are just," the concept of public justice is deemed to be weak and invalid.
Original Article
Saeid Chehrenama; Ahmad Abedi arani; Ali Allahbedashti
Abstract
Although reason plays an irreplaceable role in determining the general characteristics of Imamate, identifying the true Imam depends on the indications and confirmations of tradition. The book "Abaqat al-Anwar" is one of the valuable works in the field of Imamate studies, offering powerful analyses of ...
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Although reason plays an irreplaceable role in determining the general characteristics of Imamate, identifying the true Imam depends on the indications and confirmations of tradition. The book "Abaqat al-Anwar" is one of the valuable works in the field of Imamate studies, offering powerful analyses of the documentation and implications in the critique and examination of the narrations cited in this field. Therefore, with the aim of extracting methods and criteria for evaluating the validity of narrations and reports cited in the field of Imamate studies and achieving a comprehensive methodology in this field of theological research, alongside mentioning some of the most important factors involved in assessing the validity of narrations, the approach of the author of Abaqat in examining and analyzing these matters has been explored. The role of prior beliefs in altering the content of narrations or concealing realities, and the strategies for critiquing and analyzing these matters, the method of weakening Imamate narrations, and the strategies for correcting the validity of these narrations, analyzing the validity of narrations based on the characteristics of a work, and validating narrations based on external evidence are among the achievements of this research.
Original Article
ebrahim bakhtiari
Abstract
AbstractThis research systematically and deeply investigates the doctrinal connections between the Kaysanite sect and the Ahl-e Haqq movement. Methodologically, the study is based on a critical content analysis of primary texts and a comparative examination of the views of Islamic theologians and sectarian ...
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AbstractThis research systematically and deeply investigates the doctrinal connections between the Kaysanite sect and the Ahl-e Haqq movement. Methodologically, the study is based on a critical content analysis of primary texts and a comparative examination of the views of Islamic theologians and sectarian scholars. Using a descriptive-analytical research approach and relying on first-hand theological, sectarian, and historical sources, this study seeks to answer the fundamental question: Does the claim of Ahl-e Haqq’s influence by or schism from the Kaysanites have a solid scholarly and historical basis?To achieve this objective, the present research critically examines five key doctrinal aspects:1. The theory of divine incarnation (ḥulūl al-dhātī),2. The belief in the embodiment of angels,3. The doctrine of metempsychosis (tanāsukh al-rūḥ),4. The belief in triple imamate,5. The hermeneutical approach to worship.The findings indicate that, despite some superficial similarities, fundamental differences in theological foundations, historical development, organizational structure, and ritual practices between the two movements pose serious challenges to the claim of their interconnection
Original Article
Ali Rezaeyan; Alireza Fazeli; Qasem Salari
Abstract
Following the emergence and spread of Ismailism in Islamic lands and their claim to the caliphate, the Sunni community, led by the Abbasid caliphs, confronted them in various ways. One such confrontation was through refutation writing. One of the reasons presented in these refutations was that heresy, ...
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Following the emergence and spread of Ismailism in Islamic lands and their claim to the caliphate, the Sunni community, led by the Abbasid caliphs, confronted them in various ways. One such confrontation was through refutation writing. One of the reasons presented in these refutations was that heresy, although it had different names throughout history, had its roots in a single current, and the Ismailis were the continuation of this current. This article examines two books that, based on the equation of all heretics, proceed to refute them. To this end, the context and time of writing of these books are examined to approach the purpose of the authors of Seyar al-Moluk and al-Mustazhari using a hermeneutical method. Therefore, the main issue of this research is what factors have led to the formation of the claim of the sameness and the single origin of heresy throughout history, focusing on the two books mentioned? Their time coincided with the emergence of the Nizari and their assassinations, which caused widespread fear among the Sunnis and led to a more severe confrontation with them in refutation writings, declaring them outright infidels and attributing them to a unique heresy that is the opposite of true religion. This article shows that although finding a single historical and theological root for all ideas that oppose the dominant religious current is unattainable, the authors of the two works in question, and perhaps similar works, in order to conform to the dominant discourse of the time, both construct a theological belief to excommunicate the Ismailis and distort history in favor of their claim.
Original Article
اسداله کردفیروزجائی; Yahya Kordfiroozjai
Abstract
اصل امامت با برخورداری از کارکردهای دینی و سیاسی در ایجاد انقلاب اسلامی و انتظام بخشی آن نقش اساسی دارد. از این رو، پرداختن به آن دارای اهمیت است.(اهمیت) استمرار کارکردی ...
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اصل امامت با برخورداری از کارکردهای دینی و سیاسی در ایجاد انقلاب اسلامی و انتظام بخشی آن نقش اساسی دارد. از این رو، پرداختن به آن دارای اهمیت است.(اهمیت) استمرار کارکردی این اصل در عصر غیبت ، با اذن الهی توسط فقیه جامع الشرایط انجام می پذیرد و طبیعی است که یکی از دستاوردهای کارکرد فقیه جامع الشرایط، رهبری انقلاب اسلامی ایران است. از این رو جایگاه اصل امامت به شکلی در انقلاب اسلامی مشخص میشود و البته این می تواند کانون گفت و گوهای احتمالی علمی در حوزه علم کلام و سیاست قرارگیرد(مسأله) و این پرسش مطرح گردد که امامت در انقلاب اسلامی چه جایگاهی دارد؟(سؤال) از آنجایی که فقیه جامع الشرایط با اذن الهی توسط امام معصوم(ع) به عنوان نایب عامش منصوب می شود، همین، جایگاه امامت در انقلاب اسلامی ایران را مدلل و مشخص مینماید.(فرضیه) این مقاله با ابزار کتابخانه ای و نرم افزاری و با روش برهان سبر وتقسیم ابتدا فرضیهها را یکی پس از دیگری مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار میدهد(روش) و آنگاه به اثبات نظریه منتخب خود یعنی «جایگاه امامت شیعی در انقلاب اسلامی ایران» میپردازد (هدف)از آنجایی که ولی فقیه با نصب الهی توسط امام معصوم(ع)منصوب شده و نایب امام(ع) محسوب می گردد، از این جهت می توان گفت امامت در انقلاب اسلامی نقش داشته و در اداره انقلاب اسلامی سهیم است.(یافته)
Original Article
mohammad daneshnahad; mohammadHASAN VAKILI
Abstract
According to the famous definition of infallibility by later theologians, there is no place left for examining the possibility of the Prophets and saints making mistakes, because they consider the infallible to be someone who is free from any kind of error. However, the verses and narrations are full ...
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According to the famous definition of infallibility by later theologians, there is no place left for examining the possibility of the Prophets and saints making mistakes, because they consider the infallible to be someone who is free from any kind of error. However, the verses and narrations are full of cases where the Prophets and saints have been attributed mistakes and errors. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the truth of infallibility and error, its types and scope based on the verses and narrations so that the mistakes and errors that have been specified in the evidence can find a correct meaning. In this study, by collecting information, analyzing it, and comparing opinions, first the truth of infallibility and its types, and then the truth of error and its types, are examined in order to explain the scope of the possibility of error based on the narrational evidence. In the final step, the evidence of the infallible infallibility in the verses and narrations and its relationship with the infallibility of the infallible are considered. Among the results of the research are that: 1- Infallibility in verses and narrations is different from the infallibility expressed by later theologians, in such a way that infallibility from error and mistake in non-religious matters is not expressed. 2- There is no possibility of oversight and mistake in religious matters because it calls into question the purpose of the mission of the prophets and saints, which is to guide individuals. 3- Verses indicating the infallibility of the infallible can be examined in three general categories.
Original Article
Vahid Farhadi; Mohammad Zahedi
Abstract
بی تردید اصول عقاید و مباحث اعتقادی ، مهمترین بخش دین هستند که سایر بخش های دینی مبتنی بر آن است. از این رو اعتقاد به این بخش از دین نیز با دیگر بخش های دین مانند احکام و ...
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بی تردید اصول عقاید و مباحث اعتقادی ، مهمترین بخش دین هستند که سایر بخش های دینی مبتنی بر آن است. از این رو اعتقاد به این بخش از دین نیز با دیگر بخش های دین مانند احکام و امور تعبدی متفاوت است. روشن است باور یقینی نسبت به اعتقادات با باور ظنی متمایز و به تبع آن، اثرات عملی متمایزی خواهد داشت . سؤال پژوهش این است که چه نوع معرفتی در اصول و اعتقادات دینی لازم است؟ آیا معرفت یقینی لازم است یا معرفت ظنی هم کفایت می کند؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد مشهور مذاهب کلامی اسلامی کسب یقین در اصول عقاید را از راه برهان و استدلال لازم و ضروری میدانند و ظن و گمان را معتبر نمیدانند. در مقابل قول مشهور، گروه اندکی از اندیشمندان اسلامی؛ ظنّ قوی را در اصول عقاید جایز میدانند. از مهمترین ادلهای که مشهور امامیه، معتزله و ماتریدیه برای اثبات کلام خود به آن استناد جستهاند، براهین عقلی (چون دفع ضرر محتمل، شکر منعم، برائت یقینی، تشخیص بین حق و باطل در گرو شناخت یقینی و ...) و آیات قرآن کریم است. (إِنَّ الظَّنَّ لا یُغْنِی مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَیْئاً- وَ لا تَقْفُ ما لَیْسَ لَکَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ و...)، تنها با این تفاوت که امامیه در کنار این ادله به برهان فطرت و روایات و ماتریدیه به اجماع نیز استناد جستهاند. در این میان دیدگاه امامیه نسبت به سایر دیدگاهها از جهاتی برتری دارد که میتوان به تنوع در گستره علتها، بیان بابی مستقل در کتابهای کلامی با نام «یقین در اصول عقاید» مطرح کردهاند که دیگر مذاهب کلامی بحث یقین را در مسئله ایمان مطرح کردهاند. در این نوشتار کوشش بر آن است با روش عقلی، تحلیلی به تببین دیدگاه های مذاهب کلامی شیعه، معتزله، اشاعره و ماتریدیه با ابزار کتابخانه ای پرداخته شود .
Original Article
safdar rajabzadeh; Reza keshavarz
Abstract
Intercession, as one of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thinkers. In the following article, an attempt has been made to investigate the view of the Zaidiyyah religion regarding intercession for the perpetrators of major sins with a descriptive-analytical ...
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Intercession, as one of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thinkers. In the following article, an attempt has been made to investigate the view of the Zaidiyyah religion regarding intercession for the perpetrators of major sins with a descriptive-analytical approach. Zaidis have a special view about the scope of intercession by citing the Quranic verses, traditions and rational arguments. Research findingse of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thie of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic Intercession, as one of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thinkers. In the following article, an attempt has been made to investigate the view of the Zaidiyyah religion regarding intercession for the perpetrators of major sins with a descriptive-analytical approach. Zaidis have a special view about the scope of intercession by citing the Quranic verses, traditions and rational arguments. Research findings
Original Article
hoseyn tayebikhah; Seyed Hessamoddin Hosseini; zeynab darvishi
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was to investigate the characteristics and features of purgatory and the facts surrounding this abode of existence from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths. One of the most important religious teachings is the life of Barzakhi or the world after death and the ...
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The purpose of the current research was to investigate the characteristics and features of purgatory and the facts surrounding this abode of existence from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths. One of the most important religious teachings is the life of Barzakhi or the world after death and the stages related to it. From the point of view of religion, death is not the end of life, but the beginning of the most important events and events. Based on this, examining the world of purgatory and proving it in terms of reason, proof, verses and traditions are worthy of careful consideration. How to live in purgatory and the stages after it are among the issues that have always occupied the human mind. Some verses of the Quran such as: Believers / 101-100; Al Imran / 169-170; So / 27-26; Momin / 11 and 46; Hypocrites / 10; Nahal/32 clearly shows the existence of the world of purgatory and its characteristics, as the eternal life of the martyrs of God's way and their rewards is a clear proof of the world of purgatory and the blessings of purgatory. Also, there are many narrations, some of which are claimed to be frequent - about the world of purgatory and the quality of life in it, and reports about the conditions of divine saints, pious and sinful people, and the extent and quality of their relationship with the world and the stages of the world of purgatory. .
Original Article
afaryn qaimi; mohammad Abbaszadh Jahromi; mohammad barekat
Abstract
. Proving the legitimacy of Imam Ali in various ways is the duty of every Shiite. Among these ways is the statement of the obedience of the caliphs in comparison with the multitude of virtues of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). One of these obediences is the violation of the Companions by the army of Usamah ...
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. Proving the legitimacy of Imam Ali in various ways is the duty of every Shiite. Among these ways is the statement of the obedience of the caliphs in comparison with the multitude of virtues of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). One of these obediences is the violation of the Companions by the army of Usamah and its consequences. The aim of this article, which is presented in a documented library method and an analytical-explanatory method, is to examine and explain the implication of the violation of the Companions by the army of Usamah on the obedience of the caliphs and the superiority of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). As a result, this process is rooted in the vision and tendency of the violators on the one hand and their intentions and goals on the other. The Ijtihad against the text for violating the army of Usamah caused them to return to Medina, forbid giving the tablet and pen to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), and form a hut to usurp the caliphate. This particular historical page caused division among Muslims and the deviation of the caliphate. This action is considered to be obedience to the caliphs in this respect, which implicitly indicates a violation of the explicit command of the Holy Quran on absolute obedience to the Prophet, which in itself requires the removal of the title of caliph of the Prophet, because the legitimacy of the caliphate is preceded by absolute obedience to the successor. While Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has proven this submission in all positions and in this process too, he has been exempted from the beginning and, unlike the sheikhs of the companions, has not been placed under the banner of the young Usamah.